Veterinary Pathology 2017

Conference Highlights

About Conference

“The best doctor in the world is the veterinarian. He can't ask his patients what is the matter-he's got to just know.”           -Will Rogers (US humorist & showman)

Conference  Series  LLC  heartily  welcomes the Veterinarians(VETs), Veterinary Pathologists, Veterinary associations and Veterinary societies, Faculties, Students, Research Scientists from Veterinary colleges and Universities, Researchers , Veterinary & Pharmaceutical companies, Business professionals and Entrepreneurs and others engaged in endeavours  related to veterinary science and profession all across the globe to attend the grand event  of “Veterinary  Pathology 2017” during October 16-17,2017 at Toronto, Canada to exchange  and  share their  knowledge, experiences  and research results in the arena of veterinary science & pathology.

Veterinary Pathology 2017 will provide an integrative platform to discuss the most recent innovations, developments, and concerns as well as practical challenges faced and their respective  solutions adopted in the fields of Veterinary Pathology.

About Organization

ConferenceSeries Ltd  organizes 3000+ events inclusive of 600+ Conferences, 1200+ Workshops and 1200+ Symposiums on various topics of Science & Technology across the globe with support from 1000 more scientific societies. ConferenceSeries Ltd also publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities and reputed scientists as editorial board members.

Why pathology?

Pathology is a branch of medical science which is primarily concerning the cause, origin and the nature of disease. It involves the examination of tissues, organs, bodily fluids and autopsies in order to perform the study and the diagnosis of the disease. It bridges the gap between the basic & clinical sciences. It is aimed to improve the diagnosis, treatment and basic understanding of human disease by clinical service, education and research. Pathology provides   the scientific foundation for the practice of the medicine by studying the etiology  and  pathogenesis of disease at all the levels. It includes the etiology i.e. the study of the cause of the disease, and pathogenesis that is the study of the course, abnormal functions and lesions produced in disease.

Why Veterinary Pathology?

In the early ages, humans have depended on animals for service, food, and even companions also. But in this modern age, animals are playing a crucial role in research settings where diseases are studied and drug therapies are developed. Veterinary Science is one of them. It is a branch of sciences specialized in the diagnosing, treating and preventing the broad categories of different diseases in birds and animals.  A veterinary physician or a veterinarian (called as vet) or a veterinary surgeon is a health professional that practices the veterinary medicine  by treating diseases and disorders in birds and animals.

Veterinary pathologists are involved in:

• Diagnosis of diseases in food-producing animals : They help to maintain the herd  health and establish  if  there is a risk  to  humans  who handle  or consume  products  of  food animals.
• Diagnosis of diseases in zoo animals, companion animals and wildlife: They examine the tissues and body fluids for the diagnosis of the diseases and to predict the outcomes.
• The study of animal diseases in variety of species, often with human implications.
• Drug discovery and safety: Veterinary pathologists are involved in pharmaceutical research and development.
• Conducting  research : Veterinary  pathologists study  the diseases of multiple species and  are  thus  able  to perform studies for our better  understanding of  the cause of diseases  in birds , animals  and in  humans also as well as  develops the  new methods for  preventing  and treating the diseases.
• Crucial in determining cause of animal disease and its risk to human health (at the forefront of the One Health concept)

We take this opportunity to welcome you all in Toronto, Canada to have an exciting experience and worthy scientific sessions in the arena of veterinary science and pathology.

Sessions and Tracks

Veterinary anatomical pathology: Anatomical pathology is a restorative claim which is concerned with the diagnosis of disease in the animals  based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues.

• Surgical pathology: It  includes the gross and microscopic examination of surgical samples, and  biopsies submitted by non-surgeons such as general internists, dermatologists, medical subspecialists, and interventional radiologists.

• Cytopathology: Cytopathology is a sub-train of anatomical pathology worried with the microscopic examination of entire, individual cells aquired from smears or fine needle suctions.

• Molecular pathology: It is  centered around  the utilization of nucleic acid-based procedures  such as in-situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid microarrays for particular investigations of ailment in tissues and cells

• Forensic pathology: Forensic pathologists are focused in determining the the reason for death and other legitimately pertinent information from the bodies of persons who died suddenly with no known medical condition.

Cellular Pathology: Cellular pathology is a branch of pathology that reviews and determine the diseases on the cellular level. Two methods of collecting the cells for cytopathology analysis are exfoliative cytology and intervention cytology.

The topics which will be covered in veterinary cellular pathology are:

• Respiratory cytology
• Gynaecologic cytology
• Effusion cytology
• Central nervous system cytology
• Thyroid cytology
• Breast cytology
• Liver and pancreas cytology
• Lymph node cytology
• Gastrointestinal cytology 
• Soft tissue, bone and skin cytology
• Kidney and adrenal cytology
• Eye cytology
• Salivary gland cytology      

Veterinary histopathology: Histopathology is a part of pathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to concentrate the indications of the  disease. In clinical medicine, histopathology alludes to the examination of a biopsy or surgical samples by a pathologist, after the specimen has been prepared and histological sections have been set onto glass slides. Interestingly, cytopathology examines free cells or tissue fragments. Histopathological examination of tissues begins with the 3 methods as  surgery, biopsy, or autopsy.

Preparation of histology includes the following steps:

• Chemical fixation

• Decalcification

• Tissue Processing

• Frozen section processing

• Staining of processed histology slides

• Interpretation

Other topics will be covered in histopathology are:  Anatomical pathology, Molecular pathology, Frozen section procedure, Medical technologist, Laser capture microdissection  etc.

Systemic Veterinary Pathology: Systemic veterinary pathology deals with the pathology of all the systems and organs of the body. Pathological changes including the neoplasms in non-infectious disease conditions affecting the various systems of our body which includes the following systems:

• Digestive system

• Respiratory System

• Cardiovascular System

• Musculoskeletal System

• Haematopoietic System

• Lymphoid System

• Urinary System

• Reproductive System or genital system

• Nervous Systems

• Endocrine system

• Integumentary systems  

Veterinary immunopathology:  Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that incorporates with the immune responses related with disease. It incorporates the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. A great deal of synergy is there between the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system, and defects in either system can provoke illness or disease, such as immunodeficiency disorders ,autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity reactions.It reports fundamental, relative and clinical immunology research studies relating to these animal species including: 

• Biology of cells and mechanisms of the immune system
• Immunodiagnosis
• Immunodeficiency
• Immunogenetics
• Immunopathology
• Immunology of infectious disease and tumours
• Immunoprophylaxis to infectious disease including vaccine development and delivery

Veterinary Dermatopathology : Dermatopathology is a joint subspecialty of dermatology and pathology and to a lesser degree of surgical pathology that give importance on the investigation of cutaneous diseases at a microscopic and molecular level.  Additionaly,  it the investigations of the potential reasons of skin diseases at the fundamental level.

Veterinary dermatopathology  is the part of anatomical pathology which which  gives brilliant translation of  animal skin biopsy specimens by  the dermatopathologists with specific expertise in this challenging area of surgical pathology.

It is a challenging area of pathology. Not at all like, most tumour biopsies, skin punch biopsy specimens of inflammatory skin disease are far  more averse to yield a simple diagnosis. The results  of biopsy can control clinical therapy,  re-direct clinical work-up and help to build up a diagnosis in conjunction with clinical history and lesion characteristics. They might be in an acute, active or chronic phase and therefore in cases of broad or generalized skin disease, it is basic to take numerous biopsy tests, ideally three to five 6mm punch biopsy specimens.

Veterinary gastrointestinal pathology: Gastrointestinal pathology is a sub-specialty discipline of surgical pathology. It is dealing with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract . It is also including the accessory organs like liver, gallbladder and pancreas.The gastrointestinal (GI) pathology decides quality indicative histopathology on gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies and resections of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic-biliary frameworks.

• Neoplastic diseases and Non-neoplastic diseases: Neoplasia means “new cell growth”. These growths are sometimes called tumors which may be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous). Tumors in marine mammals, malignant lymphoma in harbor seals, GI tract cancer in pet birds, Mast cell tumours in domestic animal, lymphoid neoplasms (lymphosarcoma, lymphoid leukaemia, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, tumours of the immunoglobulin-forming cells, and thymoma), thoracic neoplasia, masses containing macroscopic fat (angiomyolipoma, liposarcoma, myelolipoma, and extra medullary hematopoiesis)
• Gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is done for viewing at the inside lining of  esophagus ,  stomach, and the first part of  the small intestine (duodenum ) by a thin flexible viewing tool. This process is known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Veterinary Haematology: Haematology is the study of the cellular elements of the blood. The main topics will be covered in veterinary haematology:

• Hematopoiesis: Embryonic and Fetal Hematopoiesis, Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens, Hematopoietic System, Erythropoiesis, Monocytes and Dendritic Cell Production and Distribution, Granulopoiesis, Thrombopoiesis, Chronic Inflammation and Secondary Myelofi brosis, Infectious Injury to Bone Marrow.
• Hematotoxicity: Hematotoxicity Studies, Preclinical Toxicological Studies, Compound-Related Cytopenias, Compound-Related Alterations in Hemostasis, Drug-Induced Blood Cell Disorders, Myelonecrosis and Acute Infl ammation, Congenital Dyserythropoiesis, Anemias Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Protozoa, Immune-Mediated Anemias in the Dog,cat, Ruminants and Horses, Anemia of Infl ammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases, Pure Red Cell Aplasia, Aplastic Anemia.
• Erythrocytes: Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia, The Porphyrias and Porphyrinurias. Hereditary Erythrocyte Enzyme Abnormalities, Erythrocyte Membrane Defects, Eosinophils and Their Disorders, Disorders of the Spleen, Myelodysplastic Syndromes.
• Leukocytes: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, T cell, Immunoglobulin, and Complement Immunodefi ciency Disorders Severe Combined Immunodefi ciencies.
• Hematologic Neoplasia: Cell Cycle Control ,Transforming Retroviruses, Essential Thrombocythemia and Reactive Thrombocytosis, Von Willebrand Disease.
• Platelets: Overview of Avian Hemostasis.
• Transfusion Medicine: Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Dog, Blood Transfusion in Large Animals, blood Transfusion in Exotic Species.
• Hematology of different species: Camelids, Cervids, American Bison, Water Buffalo, Reindeer, Elephants, Marine Mammals, Chickens and Turkeys, Waterfowl and Raptors, Reptiles.

Veterinary Clinical Pathology: Clinical pathology is a subspecialty of pathology that deals with the use of laboratory methods (clinical chemistry, microbiology, haematology and emerging subspecialties such as molecular diagnostics) for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology. Veterinary Clinical pathology is itself divided in to subspecialties:

• Veterinary Clinical chemistry
• Veterinary clinical microbiology
• Veterinary clinical haematology
• Molecular diagnostic

Veterinary clinical haematology: Haematology studies the blood and blood-forming tissues to evaluate presence of disease and assist in therapeutic interventions as clinically indicated.It also incorporates the equipments and reagents, blood collection sites and procedures, preparation method for working  solution, staining  procedures, hemoglobin determination, total RBC count, total WBC count, differential leukocyte count, hematocrit determination (PCV), determination of ESR, coagulation time determination, bleeding time, calculating red blood cell indices and blood group and the determination of the Rh factor.

Basic hematological procedures such as the complete blood count are frequently conducted to help physicians and veterinarians arrive at a diagnosis and prognosis, also to evaluate treatment. Hematology testing includes:

• Hematology Sample Processing
• Hematology Research Services
• Hematology Automated Testing
• Lamellar Body Counts
• Microscopic Cellular Analysis
• Body Fluid Analysis and Specialized Stains

Veterinary clinical chemistry: Clinical chemistry is the area of clinical pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids. It is also known as chemical pathology and clinical biochemistry. The objectives of this manual are to identify the most important hematological and the functional pathological tests of vet importance and  to diagnose the different animal diseases by confirming the pathological causes that constraint the  livestock production and to have knowledge more about clinical pathology.

Veterinary Clinical chemistry includes the topics:

•  Aspartate Amino Transferees (AST) determination
• Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) determination,
•  Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) determination
• Urea determination
• Total protein determination
• Determination of creatinine
• Total and direct bilirubin determination
• Enzymatic kinetic colorimeter test
• Liver function test, kidney function test, rumen function test and pancreatic function test

Veterinary clinical microbiology: The pace of progress in microbiology has quickened in recent years as molecular techniques, applied to microbial pathogens, explain the pathogenesis of numerous infectious diseases and improve the reliability of diagnostic test procedures. In the recent days, microbiology possesses a central position in the veterinary curriculum. Microbiology is subdivided into Bacteriology(study of bacteria), Virology( study of viruses), Mycology(study of fungi), Study of unconventional infectious agents including prions.

The topics will be covered:

• Infection, Immunity and Molecular Diagnostic Methods: Microbial pathogens and infectious disease, Immunodeficiency diseases, Vaccines and vaccination, Molecular diagnostic methods.
• Bacteriology: Diagnosis of bacterial disease, Antibacterial agents, Bacterial colonization, tissue invasion and clinical disease, Antibacterial resistance.
• Pathogenic Bacteria: Staphylococcus species, Streptococci, Actinobacteria , Corynebacterium species etc.
• Mycology: Fungal diseases in animals, Dermatophytes, Zygomycetes of veterinary importance, Fungus-like organisms of veterinary importance, Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses, Antifungal chemotherapy.
• Virology: Genetics and evolution of viruses, Pathogenesis of viral diseases, Antiviral chemotherapy.
• Viruses and Prions: Herpesviridae , Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Asfarviridae, Parvoviridae etc.
• Microbial diseases of various systems: urinary tract, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system and the integumentary system etc.

Veterinary clinical cytology: Cytology is a important clinical tool for the investigation of disease processes, and the strategies and their understanding have formed  into an entire discipline. Cytology should be viewed as a guide. Characteristics of the cells may not be adequate in many cases to yield a complete diagnosis or demonstrate the probable behavior of the lesion. These may require examination of the overall structure of the tissue, for which cytology is not proper. If any complex, expensive, or life-threatening therapy is being considered, then the diagnosis ought to if possible be confirmed by histology. Cytologic sampling is moderately  simple, reasonable, quick, inexpensive, minimally invasive, and has faster pivot time time then biopsies went off to a pathologists.

Laboratory & exotic species pathology:  An exotic species is a non-native, non-indigenous and alien species who intentionally or unintentionally introduced by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve lives in one place, but due to human interference they have to move to a new geographic location. Exotic species pathology includes venepuncture, maximum blood volume collection, and sample submission etc .

The topics will be covered:

• Pathology of Mammals(Feral Cats and Dogs, Canis familiaris and Felis catus, Feral Pig, Sus scrofa)

• Pathology of Birds(European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris , Monk Parakeet, Myiopsitta monachu)

• Pathology of Amphibians (Cuban Treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis)

• Pathology of  Reptiles( Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei)

• Pathology of Insects (Fire Ants, Solenopsis invicta)

• Pathology of Fish ( Asian Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus ,Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus Blue Tilapia, Oreochromis aureus)

Equids pathology: Horses, asses, and zebras have captured human hearts with their speed, grace and beauty from the time our ancestors first drew art on cave walls. Yet most species in the equid family are at risk of extinction today, primarily due to human activities. Veterinary involvement in conservation of those animals can augment problem-solving abilities through an enhanced interdisciplinary approach which incorporating the clinical disease management, pathology, epidemiology, nutrition, genetics, toxicology, and reproduction. Equids are the taxonomical family of the horses and other related animals including extant horses, donkeys, zebras, many extinct related mammals and other species from the fossils. Equids pathology deals with the cause, origin, nature and disease transmission and vectors of the various types of animal diseases. Equids pathology includes:

• Clinical haematology testing (complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, haematocrit);

• Bacterial cultures as indicated, such as for contagious equine metritis (Taylorella equigenitalis);

• Urinalysis, if feasible

• Fecal examination for endoparasites;

• Fecal larval culture (especially for lungworm);

• Baermann tests for lungworm larvae (especially for wild asses);

• Serological tests: for e.g African horse sickness (VN), equine encephalosis virus (VN), equine infectious anaemia (AGID), equine arteritis virus (VN) etc.

• Blood smears for haemoparasites (Babesia spp., Besnoitia bennetti)

• Buffy coat smears for trypanosomes 

• Ectoparasite checks (treat if necessary)

• Treatment for endoparasites

• Vaccination of equids based on local and regional disease concerns, ( African horse sickness, rabies, tetanus, anthrax, equine influenza, equine herpes viruses, equine encephalomyelitis, strangles, and botulism).

• Collection and freezing of labelled serum and tissue samples.

Avian species pathology (Poultry pathology): Similar to other animals, birds are also susceptible to a variety of diseases. Based on the type of birds and their anatomy, it is easy to understand the type and kind of diseases different birds are susceptible to. Chickens, ducks and turkeys are the main poultry species kept, with domesticated guinea fowl and pigeons also being extremely popular in many countries. Due to the raising of egg production or meat, such as commercial poultry of some of the poultry species, infectious diseases can spread rapidly among birds raised in a confined space. Poultry raised in such conditions are more often exposed to natural elements and they are not often vaccinated. Poor nutrition and lax biosecurity can lead to frequent viral, bacterial, parasitic and nutritional diseases. Avian species are susceptible to the diseases like, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, Salmonella avian pox, Chlamydia and various other bacteria. The H5N1 avian influenza pandemic demonstrated that a vast trade in smuggled poultry is virtually impossible to control.

The main topics will be covered are:

• Poultry Industry

• Biosecurity in poultry management

• Vaccines and Vaccination

• Medication

• poultry welfare

• Bacterial Diseases (Enterobacteriaceae,  Fowl cholera, Gallibacterium infections and other avian Pasteurellaceae etc.)

• Viral Diseases(Herpesviridae, Retroviridae, Poxviridae etc)

• Fungal Diseases

• Parasitic Diseases

• Other Disorders, Poisons and Toxins

Pet and companion animal pathology: A companion animal or a pet is an animal which is kept primarily for a person's company, entertainment and protection rather than as H1N1 influenza virus, a working animal, livestock, sport animal, or laboratory animal. SARS coronavirus, H5N1 and Hendra virus, Nipah virus, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] are some of the diseases which the companion animal might have.

In the developed nations, pet ownership has reached unprecedented levels.  Although these animals will enjoy a very high standard of healthcare, there are various  zoonotic irresistible diseases that might be transmitted specifically or in a roundabout way from these species from these species.  Such  disease transmission  is fully dependent upon the lifestyle of the pet and is influenced by  several factors such as exposure to other domestic animals or wildlife (including urban wildlife such as foxes or small rodents) ,vaccination and parasite control, or exposure to specific environments (e.g. exercise in wooded areas with questing tick populaces). 

Fish and aquatic animal pathology: Aquatic animal medicine is a young specialty of veterinary medicine that includes medical care of marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes and aquatic invertebrates. The aquatic medicine is broadly subdivided into:

• captive marine mammals

• care of pet fishes

• zoo and aquarium species

• aquaculture medicine

• clinical research involving free-ranging aquatic species

Fish and animal pathology includes the diseases of cultured fishes,  neoplasia in fish, mechanisms of immunity and development of fish vaccines, pathogenesis of tumors in fish caused by retroviruses ,fish health management in intensive aquaculture systems, and pathology of wild fishes especially in cases where the potential for environmental contamination exists.

Laboratory animal science: The use of animals is a privilege and animals must be treated respectfully, carefully, and responsibly. The laboratory animal science is committed to the 3 R’s: replacement, reduction and refinement. The laboratory animal science group develops and promotes innovative approaches in animal-based research, aiming to improve both the logical soundness and translational estimation of animal trials, and the welfare of lab animals.

The topics w​ill be covered :

• Study of animal behaviour, health and welfare in laboratory: How animals behave in different housing environments, and how providing resources that animals value affects the parameter.
• Study of animal anaesthesia in laboratory: How different anaesthetics and their concentrations affect learning, memory and brain morphophisiology in rats and mice.
• Study of Ethics of animal-based research: How the harm benefit balance of research can be improved.
• Husbandry & care
• Common laboratory animal diseases
• General research & diagnostic techniques
• Research design & data analysis
• Facility management
• General research & diagnostic techniques

Laboratory animal pathology: It incorporates clinical care, pathology, and diagnostic methodology in laboratory animals through rotations in vast animal surgical support and post-operative care, new and old world primate medicine and breeding colony management, and rodent program administration. It also includes non-human primates in biomedical research, medicine & pathology, mouse biology and pathology: Focus on genetically engineered mice and translational research and medicine.

Toxicopathology: Toxicopathology, also referred to as toxicologic pathology, can be characterized as the study of structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that are induced by toxicants, toxins, and the physical agents ; the investigation of the mechanisms by which these changes are instigated; and the improvement of the risk assessment and risk management policies based on such information.Toxicologic pathology primarily deals with the morphologic or basic impacts of the toxicant and the instrument by which this structural effect is incited.

The topics will be covered are:

• Structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs: The changes which are caused by the toxicants (such as drugs, agricultural and industrial chemicals), toxins (chemicals of biological origin such as phycotoxins and mycotoxins), and physical agents (such as radiation and heat).
• Toxicological pathology procedures: Study design, Necropsy, Fixation, Histology
• Altered morphological pathology: Spontaneous disease, Infectious disease, Neoplasms and age-related non-neoplastic disease)
• Lesion interpretation: Poorly understood lesions, Hyperplasia vs. neoplasia, Temporal issues, Lesion distribution and Lesion interpretation, Organ functional reserve
• Pathology data: Quality assurance, Quality control, Specimen audit, Pathology working groups, Lesion progression and Lesion regression
• Development of risk assessment and risk management policies

Veterinary medicine: Veterinary medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of animal diseases, the nurturing of the human-animal bond, additionally the safeguarding of human health and the protection of a nation's food supply. The extent of veterinary medicine is wide, covering every single creature species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions that can influence the different species.

Veterinary medicine is practised under the professional supervisions of the veterinary physicians (VETs, veterinarian or veterinary surgeon) and Para-veterinary workers for example veterinary nurses or technicians.

The topics will be covered :

• Exotic animal veterinarian
• Conservation medicine
• Laboratory animal practice
• Equine medicine
• Large animal practice
• Food safety practice
• Food animal medicine      
• Wildlife medicine
• Aquatic medicine 

Veterinary Laboratory medicine:

• Haematology:  Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes), White Blood Cells (Leucocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes) and Coagulation factors.
• Clinical Biochemistry Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry:  Plasma Proteins, Electrolytes, Minerals, Nitrogenous Substances, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Bilirubin and Fat Metabolism, Clinical Enzymology ± Plasma Enzymes in Diagnosis, Non-blood Body Fluids, Feline Virus Testing, Diagnostic Endocrinology.
• Systematic Investigation:  Investigation based on an Individual Organ Basis, Pattern Recognition and Diagnostic Profiling.
• Practical Laboratory Medicine: It includes sample Collection and the Use of External Laboratories.